Homelessness In Britain

Attempt to envision awakening in a virus shop entryway, grimy and hungry. There's no place to wash and you need to ask for three hours before you have enough cash to get yourself some tea, there's additionally no place for you to get warm. It's an awful idea, however its alright on the grounds that it will never transpire, or so you may think. Tom Watts was A well off representative with a dedicated spouse and two flawless kids, he worked in London and regularly passed vagrants in the road, frequently tossing them some extra change as he passed, not in any event, thinking about them up to this point. Tom Watts is not, at this point the large representative with the enormous house and the huge vehicle, he maintained an unrealistic lifestyle and became bankrupt losing his home. In light of all the pressure he likewise lost his better half and kids. Presently he dozes any place he can, toward the beginning of today he woke up in the London underground heâ says † I simply take one day at aâ time, I never know where I'll be one day to the next†. Tom's just pay is the 65p he gets from each duplicate of the Big Issue, which is sold for à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½1 †a magazine sold by the destitute. Tom can formally win up to à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½17 per week before his à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½38 seven days government managed savings is under danger, he says â€Å"The cash I win isn't much in any way. Be that as it may, on the off chance that I could simply discover a spot to live I could, at that point approach finding a new line of work and once I'm settled I can go to court, and see about getting the chance to see my children, however without a spot to live it won't happen†. That is the place cover comes in Tom like several different vagrants are on the hanging tight rundown for brief lodging, it gives individuals a head start. It's not only a lodging where you have a previously started things out serve premise, while your in brief lodging cover help you to locate a progressively changeless situation. They additionally help you to discover a work arrangement and any legitimate counsel you may require. Asylum was propelled in 1966 to draw lodging issues out into the open andâ appeal for cash to improve things. In 1970 asylum opened its first lodging help safe house to give individuals with lodging issues or no place to live free exhortation. Tom sells the Big Issue: â€Å"I simply need to see my kids† A portion of the primary explanations behind individuals turning out to be destitute are work misfortune, separation with an accomplice, substantial obligations, illicit drug use and even psychological maladjustment. Most of individuals start off moving round resting on companions couches or floors, yet after a short time you understand you've been there for half a month or even months and believe you're starting to out stay the pleasure is all mine and can't manhandle their friendliness any more and leave. In excess of 326,000 individuals are destitute in Britain, dozing harsh, in inns or moving all around with no home to call there own. Specialists accept the issue is incredibly terrible and is compounding and without the assistance of good cause the issue would quickly increment.

Species Native Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Species Native - Research Paper Example A grown-up green ocean turtle weighs more than 500 pounds. Like all other turtle species, green ocean turtles have a hard structure called shell, whose capacity is to give assurance to the turtle from predators. The piece of the shell that is on the dorsal (posterior is known as the carapace (Green Sea Turtles, n.d.). This bit is heart molded, and is up to 5 feet. It is secured with huge scopes which are called scutes. The ventral piece of the shell that covers the stomach is known as the plastron. The dorsal and ventral parts are associated with one another along the edges through hard-shelled plates which are known as sidelong extensions. The association between the carapace and plastron breaks at the openings for the head, tail and appendages. The distinction between green ocean turtles, land turtles and tortoises is that green ocean turtles can't withdraw their little heads into the shell for additional assurance. The shells of green ocean turtles are light weight and are progres sively evolved when contrasted with shells of land turtles. The appendages appear flippers that assist them with swimming significant distances in less time, making them refined swimmers. Grown-up turtles are herbivorous in nature. This trademark makes them innocuous to different creatures living submerged with them like fish. They hold microbes in their guts, and rely upon them for absorption of plant food. This is the situation with grown-up turtles as it were. Youthful turtles are rapacious. They feed on jellyfish and other little spineless creatures. The dorsal surface of the shell or the carapace is dull earthy colored in shading however it gets secured with patches of green growth on which fish takes care of. The specific life expectancy of green ocean turtles is as yet obscure. They become gradually. The development is delayed to the point that they take 10 to 50 years to have the option to turn out to be explicitly adult to duplicate (Bredeson, 2007). The normal period of development is 25 years. Because of this long life expectancy and time of development, green ocean turtles take an excessive number of years to recuperate from a noteworthy populace

LIT 12 Beowulf Reading Check Flashcard

LIT 12 Beowulf Reading Check

Global Environmental Issues Research Paper - 825 Words

Global Environmental Issues (Research Paper Sample) Content: Global Environmental IssuesStudent NameInstitutional AffiliationEthics entails beliefs on the right versus the wrong while values are those things considered to be important (Hartman, 2011). A business has to undertake several obligations to enhance and protect the society in which it functions to be successful. Organizations may exhibit social responsibility towards the natural environment, their stakeholders or through general social welfare (Hartman, 2011). The implementation of this social responsibility can be through ethical compliance, legal compliance or philanthropic giving. In this paper, the primary focus shall be on organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s social obligation towards the natural environment.Organizations are under obligations to protect the natural environment. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency is tasked with regulating environmental issues and legislation. However, in the international sphere, bodies like United Nations Environmenta l Program are the chief players in this sector. UNEP is aided by local country agencies and other non-profit organizations to achieve its objectives. Despite there being clear set environmental rules and legislation, some organizations have time and again defied them (Hartman, 2011). Defiance of set standards not only exposes humans to hazards and other risks, it also puts the entire ecosystem at stake.Most businesses have expanded to cover international borders to increase their market share. The growth comes with other challenges that need to be addressed. Multinational companies have a social obligation. They have optimally to utilize their power and control of resources in a beneficial manner. Environmental pollution and ethical issues arise when host countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s environmental regulations are inferior to those in the home nation. Dumping of toxic wastes and other products can open room for pollution if not well addressed. Most multinational organizations have come out as strong protectors of the environment to build their public image and foster relations. However, some have abused their powers and loopholes in the legislation of the host countries to cause environmental pollution (Payne, 1997).The case study of exporting used batteries to Mexico is an example of how multinational companies can abuse their social obligations. Most of the exporters are middle people in the USA who buy old cells and expose them to Mexico. There is increased concern about lead battery hazards more so from the recycling activities. Countries like Mexico have reported an increase in lead poisoning from such activities. The battery export business seems to employ the Friedman doctrine. The traditions allude that a businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ primary aim is to make a profit as long as it remains within the law regardless of the consequences to society (Hill, 2010).The companies in Mexico predispose their employees to extremely high and toxic amounts of lead. The lead is absorbed by their bodies and accumulates in their bodies to dangerous levels. In the case provided, the blood samples of one of the workers had double the amount of lead believed to induce mental damage. The illustration is an epitome of abuse of the rights of employees. Article 23 of the Universal Declaration of Human rights specifies that a person, among other things, needs to work under the right conditions. The conditions provided by these lead recycling companies are clearly not the ideal for the employee (Hill, 2010).The case study company selected for analysis is Fight Fit Ohio. The company is a service industry that trains martial arts, kickboxing, and self-defense. The business is one that relies on the right environment for the proper instructions for its functions. In an inte...

Hills Like White Elephants Analysis - 1803 Words

Subject The text â€Å"Letting the air into a relationship: Metaphorical Abortion in ‘Hills Like White Elephants† by Wyche David aims at analyzing and synthesizing the short story by Hemingway â€Å"Hills like White†. The analysis would provide new knowledge to readers of the short story or provide the readers with a new point of view of analyzing it. The subject of the text is to present his ideas on the short story and well as critique other critics who had previously critiqued it. The story illustrates broken relationships of Hemingway and the pain it caused him, which led him to write the short story. The whole text is therefore an analysis and synthesis of the short story written by Hemingway. Thesis The author’s main argument is that the text†¦show more content†¦Wyche disputes all the critics who suggested that the text was either about whether Jig should carry the pregnancy to a full term or have an abortion. Wyche feels that the text was a metaphor representing pain which comes as a result of an end of a relationship between two people. One of his main ideas was therefore to dispute some of the ideas that critics had put forward in the past and bring forward a new meaning to the short story. As Wyche noted most of the critics saw a metaphor of abortion but failed to see that the abortion could also be used as metaphor to mean something else which in this case means the pain of a breakup. By bringing other critic’s point of view into play, he successfully acknowledges what they wrote and their ideas but also presents him with a point to dispute the same. Even if he does not refuse the ideas produced by earlier critics, the author presents a different poi nt of view from whatever was presented before. Wyche also shows that writers like Hemingway may be influenced by what is going on in their personal life. Wyche also aims to relate Hemingway’s life and that of the author. Towards the end of the text, Wyche provides a comparison of Hemingway’s real life and the author and notes that he always had a way of feeding his artistic side from his personal experiences. Hemingway’s work was a mirror of reality and much of his reality. Wyche as an author therefore aimed at showing the relationship between and an artist’sShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Hills Like White Elephants 1517 Words   |  7 PagesPaul 5 December 2015 Female Disempowerment in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† In the story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† Ernest Hemingway uses his in-depth ability of foreshadowing to provide the reader with little information on the stories background or future events to come. At first glance, the discussion that takes place in story seems like a minor argument between a couple at a train station in Spain. However, upon deeper analysis, this piece takes a stab at one of the touchiestRead MoreAnalysis Of Hills Like White Elephants 1911 Words   |  8 PagesC2C Eric J Holm 10 Dec 2015 Dr. Van Nort Final Essay: â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† Jig’s Abortion through the Historical and Textual Lens â€Å"I know you wouldn’t mind it, Jig. It’s really not anything. It’s just to let the air in† (Hemingway 213). In Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† an abortion is debated through subtleties, similes, and symbols. The abortion is never explicitly mentioned, but instead Hemingway leaves the reader to conclude what this â€Å"simple operation† really is (213)Read More Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Hills Like White Elephants â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†, by Ernest Hemingway, is a short story published in 1927 that takes place in a train station in Spain with a man and a woman discussing an operation. Most of the story is simply dialogue between the two characters, the American and Jig. This couple is at a critical point in their lives when they must decide whether or not to have an abortion. Certain themes arise from this story such as choices and consequences, doubtRead MoreStory Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants723 Words   |  3 PagesHills Like White Elephants Erich Auerbach wrote Mimesis in 1953 and used his theories about foreground and background to help in his analysis and understanding of the story of Odysseus. His analysis is appropriate for this one story but can also be applied to other stories wherein the truth of the tale is not expressed directly (Auerbach 3). Authors can instill additional meaning through the text by the tone that is set and the way dialogue is written. Background and foreground in this contextRead MoreCritical Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants923 Words   |  4 PagesMikhail Shimonov Professor Kaufman March 28, 2011 Critical Analysis of Hills like White Elephants At first glance, Hills like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway, may allude to many interpretations, however, the short story has a clear purpose. Set in the Ebro River valley in Spain, the story looms around the issue brought forth by Jig and the American, who is nameless throughout the whole story. The issue here being the ‘simple operation’ that Jig is about to undergo which happens to be anRead MoreAnalysis Of Hills Like White Elephants 993 Words   |  4 PagesEnerest Hemingway’s short story titled Hills Like White Elephants, is a story that may seem as simple and plain as if not much is going on. However, the story is actually very intricate; the author was able to say a lot without using many words. The story is about a conversation between a man and girl who are waiting for a train in Spain. The couple are both distressed about how they should make a decision of whether to keep their baby, or terminate the pregnancy. Hemingway is able to say indirectlyR ead MoreFormalistic Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants825 Words   |  4 PagesIn an analysis of the story â€Å"Hills like white elephants† by Ernest Hemmingway, one is forced to take a deep look at the hidden meanings embedded in the story. Considering the point of view, the significance of the location and its relevance to the story, the structure of the text, the symbolic meaning of the two landscapes and the title of the story, the entrails of the story are exposed. Hemmingway’s story is written in an objective or dramatic point of view. The story is told primarily throughRead MoreHills Like White Elephants : A Critical Analysis1708 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†: A Critical Analysis Introduction: One of the many themes in his stories for which Ernest Heming way is known, includes feminism. At Hemingway’s time feminism was known as a famous movement and it affected many important writers like Octavia Butler and Virginia Woolf. Hemingway was a literary icon of his time and he was influenced by the political, social and human rights movements of his time. He was also touched by the hopelessness of women and how their thinkingRead MoreAnalysis Paper Hills Like White Elephants815 Words   |  4 PagesShort Story Analysis Paper Topic: Hills like White Elephants Meaningful Hills Hills are seen as just abstract objects in a distance, some may be seen as beautiful and they are hard to get around when you don’t have the best way to overcome them. In the short story an American man and a girl named Jig are sitting in a rail station waiting for the train to Madrid. While they are waiting, they have an intense, ongoing discussion over whether or not Jig will get an abortion. The hills are viewedRead MoreAnalysis Of Hills Like White Elephants1435 Words   |  6 PagesMany who have read â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† can agree that it is a hard story to comprehend. The meaning is hidden and has to be deciphered. When I found out the meaning I was blown away. I had no clue the story was about abortion. There are many views on whether the girl wants to go through with it or if the â€Å"American man† is forcing her. There are many facts that point to the conclusion that the man is forcing the girl to commit abortion. The language, tone and th e setting all point to this

Ethical and Legal Practices and Capacity

Question: Severe Exacerbation of his COPD with Dyspnoea on Minimal Exertion. Answer: Introduction: Healthcare professionals are bound to undertake ethical and legal exasperations from patients, associated family and the healthcare administration. The interventions that are to be imparted upon the patient must be in accordance with predilection of the patient and associated family. Furthermore, but such penchant cannot always been considered by the healthcare professionals as in many cases such predilection may not be justifiable. The example of this can be insufficient knowledge towards prevailing health condition and affect to decision due to advanced age, social, cultural, psychosocial and financial factors (Herring, 2014). The report is an analysis on the refusal of treatment and beneficence ethical and legal practices that affects the intervention treatment regulated by the healthcare professionals through the case study of Mr. Gray who is suffering from COPD. This report outlines an overall analysis on maintaining the ethical approach while provisioning the treatment. Furthermore, two ethical and legal practices with the care that are refusal of treatment and beneficence have been undertaken for the analysis of the case study of Mr. Gray. Importance of Ethical Approach: Ethics is a philosophical approach that believes in preventing and safeguarding the moral principles of a human being that are based on their social, cultural, psychosocial, economic and financial experiences. Furthermore, ethics provide an order, recommendation and prevention of the rights of an individual in order to protect them from any misconduct by another human being (Miravitlles et al., 2013). In accordance to this concept, the healthcare professionals conduct and impart the treatment to the patients with distress. Furthermore, keeping this viewpoint in mind, the first establishment of the principles of ethics was conducted by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress in 1985 (Ebbesen Sundby, 2015). Such principles are interrelated and provide the healthcare professionals optimal framework and guidelines for the formulation, implementation and regulation of optimal remedial treatment to the patients. The two chosen ethical and legal practice framework are refusal of treatment and be neficence (Entwistle Watt, 2013). Condition of Patient: Mr. Gray is an old man who is 67 years old and is suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) along with dyspnoea. Additionally, he is suffering from dysphagia, nocturnal pyrexia and dysphasia (Incalzi et al., 2014). Furthermore, he has signs and symptoms such as high temperature, lowered oxygen saturation levels, tachycardia, high respiratory rate, normotensive and pneumonia. Additionally, along with such condition he has severe refusal towards treatment and meeting his family members, other patients in the hospital and staff members of the hospital. Refusal towards treatment is towards the consumption of the medication and undergoing Enteral Feeding. The healthcare professionals are undertaking optimal steps such as providing consent to the family members regarding the treatment require to be imparted to Mr. Gray (Pagano, 2016). Comparison of Refusal of Treatment with the Care: The right to refusal of treatment is the basic right provided to the patient in order to prevent and prohibit the pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions as per their will. This right preserves the moral ethics, provides protection and privacy during the conduction of the treatment. In addition to this, such right preserves the integrity and decision-making of a patient but unfortunately, this right usually gets misused by the patient having no knowledge on their medical condition. Certain factors such as no awareness, advanced age, influence by social, cultural, ethical and psychosocial experiences and others affects the decision-making of a patient to a large extent. Additionally, this condition locks and prohibits the healthcare professionals from undertaking decisions related to safeguard interventions (Ryan, Callaghan Peisah, 2015). Similar, situation has arisen in case of Mr. Gray who has severe refusal towards pharmacological intervention of paracetamol and conduction of Enteral Feeding through the inserting of nasogastric tube. The evidence based practices need to be implemented such by informing the patient and associated family on the importance of safety of the treatment and the recovery of patient, the required voluntary treatment by the patient are not effective anymore, the benefits or advantages are way more stable and outweighs the associated risks (Loke, 2015). In conclusion to the prevailing scenario, Mr. Gray comes under the case of an adult with capacity that determines the refusal by a patient in order to satisfy themselves irrespective of the degrading repercussions that can originate ahead. Consistent and prolonged refusal by Mr. Gray has led the healthcare professionals to approach Mrs. Gray regarding the imparting of effective intervention. Mrs. Gray is open to such safeguard interventions an d wants her husband to recover as soon as possible. Additionally, under such circumstances the associated healthcare professionals are open to undertake the safeguard interventions as per the consent and approval from Mrs. Gray. Furthermore, the concept of coercion must be separated from this situation as coercion is regarded as invasive and a term usually used for the treatment of the patients suffering from medical conditions but in the case Mr. Gray the treatments are non-invasive and must be conducted in accordance with the approval of Mrs. Gray (Soininen et al., 2014). Conclusively, the procedural measures for the conduction of remedial treatment for Mr. Gray have been undertaken in accordance with the rationale of refusal of treatment. Comparison of Beneficence with the Care: Beneficence is one of the four principles of ethics formulated by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress in 1985 (Ross, 2016). This principle provides effective remedial actions that are essential and required to be implemented to benefit and provide relief to the patient under distress. Beneficence is a broad concept that allows the healthcare professionals to provide effectual concoction of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in accordance with the circumstances, somatic and mental wellbeing of the patient. Such interventions are required to be implemented with the help of experienced skills and high level of knowledge towards the condition and effective interventions (Martela Ryan, 2015). Beneficence principle goes in accordance with the case of Mr. Gray as this ethical approach has provided every possible measure to the healthcare professional for the conduction of the treatment in Mr. Gray. Furthermore, the concept of consent is also attached to the beneficence as consent allows optimal awareness of the existing condition, possible safeguard interventions and their extent of affects on the patient. In accordance with the beneficence, Mr. Gray has been optimally diagnosed and treated well. Furthermore, patient-oriented strategies and protocols have been formulated in respect to different medical conditions occurring in Mr. Gray. Additionally, consent has been implemented in Mrs. Gray regarding the continual refusal towards treatment by his husband. Such communication over consent has provided approval of treatment by Mrs. Gray that legally allows the healthcare professionals to proceed with the treatment irrespective of the approval by Mr. Gray (Corvol et al., 2013). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) is a condition that affects the lungs and degrades it making the patient incapable enough of breathing (Dharmarajan et al., 2016). Certain signs and symptoms of COPD are wheezing, shortness of breath, severe weakness, coughing and tight chest. Maintaining optimal nutritional level and healthy diet under such condition becomes extremely tough and provision of enteral feeding is undertaken when oral feeding is not possible as in the case of Mr. Gray. The level of nutrients is manually handled by the healthcare professionals (Prince et al., 2015). This is mainly a non-invasive method and is frequently undertaken by various healthcare professionals to provide remedial treatment and has fewer side effects. Provision of nasogastric tube for Mr. Gray will allow optimal levels of nutrients in the body as he is continually refusing for the intake of food orally. Furthermore, optimal level of nutrients will allow the regulation of the antibiotic th erapy in Mr. Gray provided for the treatment of pneumonia and other prevailing severe health condition in him (Reeve et al., 2016). Conclusively, the procedural measures for Mr. Gray in order to conduct remedial treatment have been undertaken in accordance with the beneficence rationale. Conclusion: The right to refusal of treatment was made to preserve the ethical integrity and likings of the patient while it has been manipulated by patients with the help of voluntary and involuntary refusal. This right also provides provision of continuum of care in accordance with the approval by the associated family members. Mr. Gray is an old man who is 67 years old and is suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD), dysphagia, pyrexia, dysphasia, pneumonia, dyspnoea and haemoptysis. Such condition requires consumption of antibiotics orally and intake of optimal healthy diet. Refusal to both has been seen in Mr. Gray in order to satisfy themselves irrespective of competent enough regarding the degrading consequences of the refusal. Symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezes, weakness and others has led the healthcare professionals to come up with enteral feeding and must be regulated by the approval of Mrs. Gray. Besides this, beneficence also goes along with the case study of Mr. Gray that allows the provision of effective treatment by respecting the ethical and moral integrity of Mr. Gray and his family by not forcing Mr. Gray on consuming oral antibiotic and oral consumption of food. Additionally, another possible method of treatment is enteral feeding that is non-invasive in nature to which patient is again showing refusal. Beneficence allows generating and enhancing the consent of the family members as in this case is Mrs. Gray and proceeding further with the treatment in accordance with the approval by Mrs. Gray. References: Corvol, A., Moutel, G., Gagnon, D., Nugue, M., Saint-Jean, O., Somme, D. (2013). Ethical issues in the introduction of case management for elderly people.Nursing ethics,20(1), 83-95. Dharmarajan, K., Strait, K. M., Tinetti, M. E., Lagu, T., Lindenauer, P. K., Lynn, J., ... Krumholz, H. M. (2016). Treatment for multiple acute cardiopulmonary conditions in older adults hospitalized with pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or heart failure.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,64(8), 1574-1582. Ebbesen, M., Sundby, A. (2015). A Philosophical Analysis of Informed Consent for Whole Genome Sequencing in Biobank Research by use of Beauchamp and Childress Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics. Entwistle, V. A., Watt, I. S. (2013). Treating patients as persons: a capabilities approach to support delivery of person-centered care.The American Journal of Bioethics,13(8), 29-39. Herring, J. (2014).Medical law and ethics. Oxford University Press, USA. Incalzi, R. A., Scarlata, S., Pennazza, G., Santonico, M., Pedone, C. (2014). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the elderly.European journal of internal medicine,25(4), 320-328. Loke, P. C. (2015). Refusal of Treatment by Critical Patients.Encyclopedia of Trauma Care, 1398-1402. Martela, F., Ryan, R. M. (2015). The Benefits of Benevolence: Basic Psychological Needs, Beneficence, and the Enhancement of Well?Being.Journal of personality. Miravitlles, M., Soler-Catalua, J. J., Calle, M., Soriano, J. B. (2013). Treatment of COPD by clinical phenotypes: putting old evidence into clinical practice.European Respiratory Journal,41(6), 1252-1256. Pagano, F. (2016). Therapeutic compliance in elderly patients with COPD.Official Journal of the Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 147. Prince, M. J., Wu, F., Guo, Y., Robledo, L. M. G., O'Donnell, M., Sullivan, R., Yusuf, S. (2015). The burden of disease in older people and implications for health policy and practice.The Lancet,385(9967), 549-562. Reeve, E., Denig, P., Hilmer, S. N., Ter Meulen, R. (2016). The ethics of deprescribing in older adults.Journal of bioethical inquiry, 1-10. Ross, L. F. (2016). Theory and Practice of Pediatric Bioethics.Perspectives in biology and medicine,58(3), 267-280. Ryan, C., Callaghan, S., Peisah, C. (2015). The capacity to refuse psychiatric treatment: A guide to the law for clinicians and tribunal members.Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry,49(4), 324-333. Soininen, P., Putkonen, H., Joffe, G., Korkeila, J., Vlimki, M. (2014). Methodological and ethical challenges in studying patients perceptions of coercion: a systematic mixed studies review.BMC psychiatry,14(1), 162.

Water Pollution and Global Warming Essay Example

Water Pollution and Global Warming Paper As a result it plays important roles in ecosystem support, economic development, cultural values and community well-being. Dozens of times a day those of us who live in the industrialized nations of the world enjoy a blessing denied to 75 percent of the world population: abundant supplies of clean water. But water is essential for life on earth. No known organisms can live without it. For centuries water has been used as a dumping ground for human sewage and industrial wastes. Added to them are the materials leached out and transported from and by water percolating through the soil and running off its surface to aquatic ecosystems. Water pollution is degradation of water quality. Any physical, chemical, or biological change in water quality that adversely affects living organisms or makes water unsuitable for desired use can be considered pollution. Thus the term water pollution refers to – â€Å"Water contamination by a variety of chemical substances or transportation caused by several nutrients and fertilizers. † – Southwest, 1 976 U. S. Department of Health Education and Welfare defines water pollution as – â€Å"The adding to water of any substance or he changing of water’s physical and chemical characteristics in any way which interferes with its use of legitimate purposes†. At present, water pollution is a major global problem. Everyday many people are dying for water pollution. Now water pollution becomes the leading cause of death diseases. 3 1. 2 Sources of Water Pollution : There are many sources of water pollution. But before knowing that, we need to know that what are the sources of water, and then we will understand how they are becoming polluted. We get water from two sources – Surface Water Ground Water Surface Water is fresh water mound on Earth’s surface in streams and rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoirs. Surface waters are replenished by the runoff of precipitation from the land and are therefore considered a renewable, although finite resource. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution and Global Warming specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution and Global Warming specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution and Global Warming specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ground Water refers to the fresh water under Earth’s surface that is stored in aquifers. This water originates as rain or melting snow that seeps into the soil and finds its way down through cracks and spaces in sand, gravel or rock until it is stopped by an impenetrable layer, there it accumulates as groundwater. Surface water and groundwater have often been studied and managed as operate resources, although they are interrelated. Surface water seeps through the soil and becomes groundwater. Conversely, groundwater can also feed surface water sources. Sources of surface water pollution are generally grouped into two categories based on their origin. Point Sources Non-point Sources Point source water pollution refers to contaminants that enter a waterway from a single, identifiable source, such as a pipe or ditch. Examples of sources in this category include discharges from a sewage treatment plant, a factory, or a city storm drain. Point source water pollution re easily findable. So, people can easily control them. Non-point source pollution refers to diffuse contamination that does not originate from a single discrete source. Non-point source pollution is often the cumulative effect of small amounts of contaminants gathered from a large area. A common example is the leaching out of nitrogen compounds from fertilized agricultural lands. Nutrient runoffs in storm water from â€Å"sheet flow† over an agricultural field or a forest are also cited as examples of Non-point source pollution. 4 Surface Water Pollution : Surface water bodies are extensively used for espousal of untreated industrial wastes and this is one of the main sources of surface water pollution. Surface water pollution is caused by – C Domestic Waste : Water pollution Of domestic is mainly caused by sewage. Sewage is defined as the waterborne waste derived from home, animal or food processing plants and includes human excreta, soaps, organic materials, different types of solids, waste food, oil detergents, paper and cloth. They are the largest group of water pollutants. Water pollution is caused by uncontrolled dumping of waste collected from villages, towns and cities into ponds, streams, lakes and rivers. C] Industrial Effluent : The discharge of industrial effluents into the water body caused water pollution. These effluents contain a wide variety of inorganic and organic substances such as oils, greases, plastics, plasticizer, metallic wastes, suspended solids, phenols, pesticides, heavy metals and acids. Major industries of the country are located on or near the coastline or riversides. Organic substances deplete the oxygen content. Inorganic substances render the water unfit for drinking and other purposes. Acids and alkalis adversely effect the growth of fish and other aquatic organisms. Oil and other greasy substances interfere with the self purification mechanism of water. Urban runoff : Urban runoff is surface runoff of rainwater created by arbitration. This runoff is one of the major sources of water pollution in many urban communities worldwide. The porous and varied terrain of natural landscapes like forests, wetlands, and grasslands trap rainwater and snowbell and allow it to slowly filter into the ground. Runoff tends to reach receiving waters gradually. In contrast, nonporous urban landscapes like roads, bridges, parking lots, and buildings don’t let runoff slowly percolate into the ground†¦ Arbitration also increases the variety and amount of pollutants transported to receiving waters. Sediment from development and new construction; Oil, grease, and toxic chemicals from automobiles; nutrients and pesticides from turf management and gardening; viruses and bacteria from failing septic systems; road salts; and heavy metals are examples of pollutants generated in urban areas. Sediments and solids constitute the largest volume of pollutant loads to receiving waters in urban areas. Ã'Å¡ Agricultural runoff : Water pollution can be caused by agricultural wastes such as fertilizers, pesticides, soil additives and animal wastes that are washed off from the land to the aquatic system through irrigation, rainfall and leaching. Oil pollution : There are about 15 million water crafts on navigable waters throughout the world. Their combined waste discharges are equivalent to a city with a population of 2,000,000. Thus oil pollution, an oxygen demanding Waste, is of concern not only from sensational major spills from ships and offshore drilling rigs but also from small spills and cleaning operations. Al Chemical Use : Industrial and agricultural work involves the use of many different chemicals that can run-off into water and pollute it. It can also cause health hazards to human body and many animals and fishes are dying for these chemicals. CLC Thermal Pollution : An increase in the optimum water temperature by industrial processes (steel factories, electric power houses and atomic power plants) may be called as thermal pollution. Many industries generate their own power and use water to cool their generators. This hot water is released into the system from where it was drawn, causing a warming trend of surface waters. Fifth system is poorly flushed, a permanent increase in the temperature may result. However, if the water is released into he well flushed systems, permanent increase in temperature does not occur. Many organisms are killed instantly by the hot water resulting into a high mortality. It may bring other disturbance in the ecosystem. The eggs of fish may hatch early or fail to hatch at all. It may lead to unplanned migration of aquatic animals. D Sediments : Sediment is defined as particles derived from soil or rocks that are transported by water or wind. The erosion of land surfaces and stream banks produces sediment. Sediment threatens water supplies and recreation and cause harm to plant and fish communities. Sediment can also be discharged from multiple different sources. Sources include construction sites agricultural fields, stream banks, and highly disturbed areas. D Salinity Intrusion : Saltwater intrusion is a major problem in coastal regions all over the world, as it threatens the health and possibly lives Of many people who live in these areas. It increases the salinity of groundwater and water may become unsuitable for human use. Colonization of groundwater is considered a special category of pollution that threatens groundwater resources, because mixing a small quantity of saltwater in the rainwater makes freshwater unsuitable and can result in abandonment of freshwater supply. CLC Accidental Spills of Chemicals : Accidental spills of environmentally harmful materials can happen anywhere and anytime, polluting land and water. Even echo-friendly cleaners and chemicals can harm the fish, plants and insects in our streams and harbors, if they are washed into stemware drains. 6 Ground Water Pollution : A lot of the Earth’s water is found underground in soil or under rock structures called aquifers. Humans often use aquifers as a means to obtain drinking water, and build wells to access it. When this water becomes polluted it is called groundwater pollution. Groundwater pollution is often caused by pesticide contamination from the soil, this can infect Our drinking water and cause huge problems. Ground water pollution caused BBC Waste disposal site : Domestic and industrial wastes are collected to dispose them in a place. There are many chemicals which are found in these wastes. The places where these waste are disposed become polluted. If the place has a leak and it lead to the nearby river, then by the leaks, the chemicals go to the river and make the river polluted. D Pesticides : Run-off from farms, skyward, and golf courses contain pesticides such as EDT that in turn contaminate the water. Leech ate from landfill sites is another major contaminating source. Its effects on the ecosystems and health are endocrine and reproductive damage in wildlife. Groundwater is susceptible to contamination, as pesticides are mobile in the soil. It is a matter of concern as these chemicals are persistent in the soil and water. L] Sewage : Untreated or inadequately treated municipal sewage is a major source of groundwater and surface water pollution in the developing countries. The organic material that s discharged with municipal waste into the watercourses uses substantial oxygen for biological degradation thereby upsetting the ecological balance of rivers and lakes. Sewage also carries microbial pathogens that are the cause of the spread of disease. C Nutrients : Domestic waste water, agricultural run- off, and industrial effluents contain phosphorus and nitrogen, fertilizer run- off, manure from livestock operations, which increase the level of nutrients in water bodies and can cause transportation in the lakes and rivers and continue on to the coastal areas. The nitrates come mainly from the fertilizer hat is added to the fields. Excessive use of fertilizers cause nitrate contamination Of groundwater, with the result that nitrate levels in drinking water is far above the safety levels recommended. Good agricultural practices can help in reducing the amount of nitrates in the soil and thereby lower its content in the water. 7 Acidification : Acidification of surface water, mainly lakes and reservoirs, is one of the major environmental impacts of transport over long distance of air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide from power plants, other heavy industry such as steel plants, and motor vehicles. This problem is more severe in the US and in parts of Europe. C] Synthetic organics : Many of the 100 DO synthetic compounds in use today are found in the aquatic environment and accumulate in the food chain. Persistent organic pollutants represent the most harmful element for the ecosystem and for human health. For example, industrial chemicals and agricultural pesticides. These chemicals can accumulate in fish and cause serious damage to human health. Where pesticides are used on a large-scale, groundwater gets contaminated and this leads to the chemical contamination of drinking water. Ã'Å¡ Arsenic Problem : Most arsenic enters water supplies either from natural deposits in the earth or from industrial and agricultural pollution. Arsenic is a natural element of the earth’s crust. It is used in industry and agriculture and for other purposes. It also is a byproduct of copper smelting, mining and coal burning. C Suspended Matter : Some pollutants do not dissolve in water as their molecules are too big to mix between the water molecules. This material is called particulate matter and can often be a cause of water pollution. The suspended particles eventually settle and cause thick silt at the bottom. This s harmful to marine life that lives on the floor of rivers or lakes. Biodegradable substances are often suspended in water and can cause problems by increasing the amount of anaerobic microorganisms present. Toxic chemicals suspended in water can be harmful to the development and survival of aquatic life. 8 1. 3 Common Contaminants of Water Pollution : There are some contaminants of water pollution. They are – C Infectious Agents : Disease causing agents or pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, parasites. These come from raw sewage and animal waste and they may be responsible for 80% of the asses in developing countries. CLC Oxygen demanding wastes : Reduce Dissolved Oxygen level in the water and affect aquatic life. Sewage, animal manure or biodegradable organic wastes are that type of waste. 0 Inorganic chemicals : Water-soluble acids, toxic compound, salt and metals are the inorganic chemicals. They make water unfit to consume and use for irrigation. Also can harm organisms and cause material corrosion. D Organic chemicals : Organic chemicals are petroleum products, oil, gasoline, plastics, pesticides, solvents, detergents. Presence of organic chemicals in water cause health kiss to humans and other organisms. Ã'Ëœ Plant nutrients : Nitrates, phosphates, ammonium from fertilizers are plant nutrients. Excessive algal and plant growth lower the oxygen levels when they decompose. Sediment : Sediments are bad for aquatic animals. Mud, silt, sand are the example. Sediment disrupts photosynthesis and transports large amounts of other adsorbed pollutants. Sediments are bad for Aquatic animals. D Radio-active materials : Radon, uranium, Iodine, cesium, thorium, and tritium are the radio-active materials. These materials may come either from natural or anthropogenic sources. Heat : Heat comes from cooling water for power plants other industrial plants. Heat lowers the solubility of oxygen in water and it also affects aquatic lives directly. 9 1. 4 Health Hazards Caused by Water Pollution : Virtually all types of water pollution are harmful to the health of humans and animals. Water pollution may not damage our health immediately but can be harmful after long term exposure. Different forms of pollutants affect the health of animals in different ways. Such as Heavy metals from industrial processes can accumulate in nearby lakes and rivers. These are toxic to marine life such as sis and shellfish, and subsequently to the humans who eat them. Heavy metals can slow development; result in birth defects and some are carcinogenic. Industrial waste often contains many toxic compounds that damage the health of aquatic animals and those who eat them. Some of the toxins in industrial waste may only have a mild effect whereas other can be fatal. They can cause immune suppression, reproductive failure or acute poisoning. Microbial pollutants from sewage often result in infectious diseases that infect aquatic life and terrestrial life through drinking water. Microbial water pollution is a major problem in the developing world, with diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever being the primary cause of infant mortality. Organic matter and nutrients causes an increase in aerobic algae and depletes oxygen from the water column. This causes the suffocation of fish and other aquatic organisms. Sulfate particles from acid rain can cause harm the health of marine life in the rivers and lakes it contaminates, and can result in mortality. Suspended particles in freshwater reduces the quality of drinking water for humans and the aquatic environment for marine life. Suspended particles can often reduce the amount of sunlight penetrating the water, disrupting the growth of photosynthetic plants and micro-organisms. There are some water borne diseases of human which caused by drinking or using polluted water. They are given pillowcase Bacterial infections Viral infections Protozoan infections Hellishness infection Diseases Typhoid, cholera, Paratyphoid fever, Dysentery Infectious Hepatitis (jaundice), Poliomyelitis Amoebic dysentery Roundworm, Hookworm, threadbare 10 2. 0 Global Warming 2. What is Global Warming : Global warming is defined s a natural or human induced increase in the average global temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth’s surface. The temperature at or near the surface of the Earth is determined by four main factors : ; ; ; ; The amount of sunlight Earth receives. The amount of sunlight Earth reflects. Retention of heat by the atmosphere. Evaporation and condensation of water vapor. In the last 100 years, Earth’s average surface temperature increased by about 0. 8 co (1. 4 OF). Two thirds of the increase occurred over the last three decades. Warming of the climate system is unequivocal. Scientists are more Han 90% certain that most of it is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities. These findings are recognized by the national science academies of all the major industrialized countries. 11 2. 2 Causes of Global Warming : Scientists have spent decades figuring out what is causing global warming. They’ve looked at the natural cycles and events that are known to influence climate. But the amount and pattern of warming that’s been measured can’t be explained by these factors alone. The only way to explain the pattern is to include the effect of greenhouse gases emitted by humans. There are many natural causes of global warming. But they do not warm much the planet. The most serious type of warm is anthropogenic which is created by humans. One of the first things scientists learned is that there are several greenhouse gases responsible for warming and humans emit them in a variety of ways. The causes of global warming are given below -? Greenhouse Gases : Sunlight that reaches Earth warms both the atmosphere and the surface. Earth’s surface and atmospheric system then irradiate heat as infrared radiation. Certain gases in Earth’s atmosphere absorb and re-emit this radiation. Some of it returns to the Earth ;s surface, making Earth warmer than it otherwise would be. In trapping heat, the gases act a little like the panes of glass in a greenhouse (although the process by which the heat is trapped is not the same as in a greenhouse), accordingly, the effect is called the greenhouse effect, and the gases which include Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and chlorofluorocarbons (CIFS) are called greenhouse gases. Extra Carbon Dioxide Release : Human are releasing Carbon dioxide in the environment by burning fossil fuels, burning trees, driving cars and from the industry. This excessive carbon dioxide is not absorbed by the environment. This makes our planet warmer and the result is global warming. CLC Methane Gas from animals, agriculture, Arctic Sea beds: Methane is another extremely potent greenhouse gas, ranking right behind CO. When organic matter is broken down by bacteria under oxygen-starved conditions (anaerobic decomposition) as in rice paddies, methane is produced. The process also takes place in the intestines of herbivorous animals and with the increase in the amount of concentrated livestock production, the levels of methane released into the atmosphere is increasing. Another source of methane is methane celebrate, a compound containing large amounts of methane trapped in the crystal structure of ice. As methane escapes from the Arctic sea beds, the rate of global warming will increase significantly. 12 0 Solar Variation : Variations in solar output have been the cause of past climate changes. The effect Of changes in solar forcing in recent decades is uncertain but small. Some studies showing a slight cooling effect while others studies suggest a slight warming effect. C] Nitrogen Oxides from Farming : Primary component of the green revolution has been the development of iatrogenic fertilizers that dramatically accelerate the growth and productivity of plants in the field. Plants fix or capture, nitrogen on their own as well but green revolution technologies have become so popular that humans are now adding more nitrogen to the earth than all of the plants in the world combined. Nitrogen oxides have 300 times more heat-trapping capacity per unit of volume than does carbon dioxide and we release them every time we apply fertilizer to soil. A recent United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization study found that modern farming is contributing more to global arming than all of the transportation sector combined. This is due partly to the fuel burned in modern farming, but more significantly, to the release of methane and nitrogen oxides. C] Chlorofluorocarbon (CUFF) Gas : Chlorofluorocarbons (CUFF), is used in refrigeration, also powerful greenhouse gas. These gas occur in lower concentrations in the atmosphere, but because they are so much more potent than carbon dioxide, in some cases hundreds of times more potent per unit of volume, they contribute to global warming as well. CLC Deforestation Deforestation increases the severity of global arming as well. Carbon dioxide is released from the human conversion of forests and grasslands into farmland and cities. All living plants store carbon. When those plants die and decay, carbon dioxide is released back into the atmosphere. As forests and grasslands are cleared for human use, enormous amounts of stored carbon enter the atmosphere. Burning Gasoline for transportation : Our modern car culture and appetite for globally sourced goods is responsible for about 33% of emissions in the U. S. With our population growing at an alarming rate, the demand for more cars and nonuser goods means that we are increasing the use of fossil fuels for transportation and manufacturing.

Dispicable thats all you can decribe it. You look around and its like the population of man has been wiped out. Essays

Dispicable thats all you can decribe it. You look around and its like the population of man has been wiped out. Essays Dispicable thats all you can decribe it. You look around and its like the population of man has been wiped out. Essay Dispicable thats all you can decribe it. You look around and its like the population of man has been wiped out. Essay Essay Topic: As You Like it Dispicable thats all you can decribe it. You look around and its like the population of man has been wiped out. News papers blowing in the wind glass bottles struned about, needles and everything you can thing of just left on the floor. Not a persons footstep can be hurd. Not a childs lafter. Slience thats all, complete silence, And the reason for the deadly silence is that its 6.30. No one dare go out or make a sound after this time. Six months ago the place would have been buzzin with life on a warm day like this but now that cannot be. To explain why we would have to go back about a year to 2020, when things were just starting to look bright. Carla applyed a last coat of mascara and looked in the mirro t check her jeans were fiting right, her top wasnt creased and that she was looking fine. It was a tippical friday night and she was goin out with her friends, the wind was blowing and it was drisseling out side but that didnt bother her. She shouted goodbye to her mum as she shut the door and headed down the road to the park were they all met. There was about 20 of them that met up every friday, She waled down the bumpy path to the darkened park were there was alredy about 10 people laffing and gigleing. hey, anyone got anything yet? shouted carla. Not yet, we are goin for sum now someone out of the group. The group set off down to the offlicence and hung about outside asking general people if they would go in for them. This was an anoying thing for older people who did not like to be asked, it took about fithteen minutes before a reluctant peron who felt threatened but the every growing gang to agree to go in the shop for them. Once the gang had all there alcohol they set off back down to the park to get completly drunk and wait for Sip to come down. They called the tall dark man Sip as they didnt know his name or anythign about him, Sip stood for someone inparticular. They hung about the park being noisy and getin ever more drunk as they consumed deadly ammount of spirits mixed with numerous ammounts of other things. Then about nine thirty SIP came down everyone rushed to greet him and buy some stuff of him Carla bought some new pills he had and took them on top of the huge ammout of vodka and wkd she had drunk. soon she was starting to feel ill and didnt like what was happeneing. The next thing she remebers was waking up in hospital. Her friend Pippa was there and explained the poliece has come down and Broke up there fun, (noting usual there they seemed to spend every friday night just breaking up groups of underage drinkers) they had found Carla slumped on a bench semi conshious and has rushed her to hospital. This kind of thing was happeneing to so many teens each week that the government was getin anchious and needed to do something about it. They decided that there would be no way to stop it and they actually go quite alot of tax off it. They decided to legalise underage drinking and certain drugs but they would make safe places for the teens to do it in. A few months later the first UADC (under age drinking club) was opened near to wear Carla lived. All the group that usually went on the park was now goin to go there with parental permission. Again Carla took one last look at herself in the mirror and shouted goodbye as she went throught the door. There group headed off up the road all buzzing with excitment at what it would be like. they got there and there was tvs, dvds all sorts of things and most important a bar. They enjoyed it the first cuppleof times then th novelty started to wear off but they still contined to go, the only problem was that they were only allowed so much and on the streets they were alowed what they wanted. The people who run the place soon saw the lack ofinterest and how some of the teens wernt coming anymore so they decide to up the ammout they could have and thought opening it on a saturday as well as a friday would help. As it was not proving to be a sucsess they opened it on a wednestday in the hope more teens would come and they did moreand more were sending all there money they had on drink. This came with its problems. It was thursday and Carla and Pippa had no money for the next night at the UADC neither did alot of her friends. Carla and pippa decided to pinch some money from a dish in Carals kitchen were her mum kept the shopping money. This was just were things started to go wrong. At the club they allowed the teens to smoke marajuana. Carla needed money for this as well. Some of the group decided to get some stronger drugs off Sip and then go to the club; this soom cought on and all most everyone from the group that hung about on the park was doing it. If they couldnt have as much alchol as they used to they would compremise they would have srong drugs befor and then go to the club have marajuana and drink beer. As more teens came the club added some more days so now it was open friday,saturday,monday,wednesday. Caral and her friends had no money they had been going to the club for about 3 months and had spent all there saving. One day Carla and Pippa went into the town and stole some thing ou t of the shops and then sold them at school to get money for the drugs and alchol. They didnt see them selfs as addicted but actuallt there was about 100 teens that were all addicted to drungs and alchol the crime level was soring. The governmet had to do somethign they closed down the UADC emmidiatly but didnt knwo what else to do. Carla and her friends were skipping school as there hangovers were to bad in a moring to go. After they had recoved from there hangovers they went out into town to stal some things to sell on for dung and beer money it was a vishios circle and when the club was closed they just went back to goin ot the park and anywere on the streets. Soon everyone moved on from shops to houses were there was gold and jewls worth alot more. People were terrifed to go out the teens were out of controle people were mugged and if they had nothin beeten up. There cravings drove them to do the lowest of things. Reversing the legisation made thigns worse as they just went out on to the streets in houseing ares left bottles and needles. People learnt that about 6pm the teens (that has squatted in peoples houses removing the families) came out of there comatosed states and were craving for more alchol and drugs. people didnt wak around or draw attention to there houses throught fear of attack. the government now has to pay the price of a contry living in fear and teens ever more growing to controle the areas they lived in.

European Cultural Adoption of the Cherokee Indians Essay

European Cultural Adoption of the Cherokee Indians - Essay Example One of the most talked about and studied groups of Native Americans are the Cherokee Indians, a group of native occupants of the American continent. Historians believe that the Cherokee Indians occupied the southeast part of America ling before the forces of civilization and the American colonization took center stage. â€Å"Cherokee lands covered parts of Tennessee, North Carolina, south Carolina, Virginia, west Virginia, Kentucky, Georgia, Alabama, and Arkansas.† The tribe was one of the strongest tribes in the American continent and had significant influence during the 14th and 15th century. They existed in smaller groups and sub-tribes ruled by chiefs and kings and other religious leaders who had significant influence on this group of people. â€Å"The various Cherokee villages formed a confederacy. There were two chiefs per village a red (or war) chief and a white chief (most beloved man or woman) who was associated with civil, economic, religious, and judicial functions . Chiefs would be male or female and there was little or no hereditary component† The history of the Cherokee Indians is highly complex and is characterized by episodes of resistance, war conflicts and revolutions that rocked the American continent. Thirteen colonies of North America decided to break from British rule. To register their displeasure towards the new occupants of the American continent who were now fighting against the British, the Indian Cherokees fought from the British side against the Americans. â€Å"Cherokee support towards the British during the American Revolutionary war (1755-1783 brought retaliatory attacks from southern states militia†5 During this time and prior times, the interaction of the Indian Cherokees with the British and other foreign occupants of the country flourished; the tribe experienced a major tribal revolution that resulted into adoption of new cultural and significant cultural assimilation and integration. â€Å"After the Amer ican Revolution, the Cherokee adapted British style farming, cattle ranching, business relation, and government becoming cohesive and prosperous†6 In the paper, the cultural assimilation and adoption that occurred during the 17th and 18th century among the Cherokee Indians will be highlighted. It will thus seek to provide a description of the events that characterized the cultural changes and integration during this period. The adoption of foreign and new cultures significantly affected the lifestyle of the Cherokee Americans that resulted into assimilation and the loss of the prior cultural identity that the tribe enjoyed. The first documented history of the contact between the Cherokee Indians and the Europeans was around 1540. â€Å"The Cherokee encountered Hernando De Soto around 1540, probably not long before they arrived in their historic homeland†¦

Educational Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Educational Programs - Essay Example The Italian early education and care is characterized be a three prong strategy (state,communal,private). Enactment of a law that entitled children between ages 3-6 to free education and another law in 1971 establishing infant/toddler centers that also receive parental financial contributions have land marked an early care program that has been strongly backed and approved by parents especially mothers.(Rebecca.S.New) Italy has been consistent in its efforts to combine concepts of social service with education thus helping young families enormously. 95% of children between ages 3-6 attend some kind of school-municipal,national or private.New legislation in 1998 requires for pre school teachers to hold a university level degree.Vast majority of cities with communal pre-schools also conduct workshops for teachers .In 1969,The Ministry introduced "Guidelines for Educational Activity" which advocated strong collaboration with parents, religious education and play. (OECD Country note,May2 001) As for children above age 6, education in Italy is state-controlled and all schools, both public and private, are subject to comply with the curricula and teaching methods laid down by the Ministry of Public Education .Education is compulsory and free of charge for all children between the ages of 6 and 14 and is segmented into 5 classes at elementary level and 3 classes at lower secondary level (middle school).(The Italian Education System, January 2,2001). The curriculum at the elementary level is centered on providing a solid foundation in reading, writing, and mathematics. Two significant philosophies in early education founded in Italy that have captured the world's attention setting the pace for educational standards and influencing alternative ,educational concepts both inside Italy and around the world are: The Montessori Concept The Reggio Emilia approach Dr Maria Montessori,the first woman in Italy to become a physician, founded the Montessori system of education in 1907 in Rome. Her major discovery was that children teach themselves.She believed in a prepared classroom designed to make children choose from a number of developmentally appropriate activities leading to self-discovery in learning. ( Website of the Montessori Foundation and the International Montessori Council ).The Reggio Emilia was founded in the town of Reggio Emilia in Northern Italy by professor Loris Malaguzzi. (Lella Gandini,1993) Children explore themes and learn through short and long projects inspired spontaneously by children's curiosity , social concerns of parents ,or a random chance event..With no established curriculum,the child learns in her own sense of time and personal rhythm. Other innovative pre-school education and care programs in Pastoia and Milan have focused on the integral relationship between the need of the children and the community as a w hole. Some of their ground-breaking policies include enrichment programs for parents and grand parents and a high level of interaction between diverse families of young children with one another and with the professionals. The general goal seems to be to foster

Therefore the poet is trying to demonstrate Essay Example for Free

Therefore the poet is trying to demonstrate Essay Hopkins was born in 1844, and died just 45 years later in 1889. He was a deeply intellectual and religious man, and became a Jesuit priest in 1877, the same year of which he wrote Pied Beauty. In the poem, the author expresses his gratitude in God for making all the beautiful things that we now see in this world (assuming that what he saw is not that far off from what we now see of course) and how we should all â€Å"praise him†. Significant poetic devices and their significance (eg: Metaphors, symbols, rhyme scheme, form, imagery, repetition†¦ etc) Structure-based analysis 1) Funny rhyme scheme here. ABCABC DBEDE. Note how every rhyming lines are indented to the same extent. This perhaps portrays the different hierarchies of the world that we see today, whether it is caste, wealth or class. He perhaps is trying to link them all together, and express the feeling that there is room for everyone in the kingdom of God, or God sees all, from the rich to the poor, no matter what your social status. The peculiar rhyme scheme could represent the fact that we often find God a very mysterious entity, one who works in mysterious ways. We cannot fully understand why he often does things so out of convention (ie storms, hurricanes) but they are all part of his plan to make everything work. The break in the rhyme scheme illustrates the fact that God is unpredictable, when you start to understand what he does and how he works, the more he changes and does something completely different. Therefore the poet is trying to demonstrate the fact that we cannot even begin to comprehend the concept of God, and that ‘the only thing we are certain about him is his uncertainty. The last line in the poem â€Å"praise him† is indented differently from the rest of the poem, providing a very powerful message for the conclusion, as if the poet was saying ‘Amen’ at the end of a prayer. 2) Iambic pentameter not used, rather Sprung Rhythm is used. This is a poetic rhythm designed to imitate the rhythm of natural speech. It is constructed from feet in which the first syllable is stressed and may be followed by a variable number of unstressed syllables. In this case, the poet uses this to make his poem sound more genuine; emphasizing the fact that he truly feels this sense of love towards God. The fact that it sounds like natural speech also creates a stronger empathy link with the reader and the poet, thus making it easier for the poet to get his point across.

Sigmund Freud as a Dream Analyst Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research

Sigmund Freud as a Dream Analyst You step out of your car onto this amazing white sand beach. You walk toward the water and notice all of these beautiful women coming toward you and saying your name. As you start to lay the charm down you notice that one of them is chewing on your leg. Then all of a sudden all of them are taking huge bites out of you and ripping you apart. You try to escape but you seem to be unable to do anything in your defense. AAAAHHHHHH!!!!!!!!!!!! All of a sudden you awake in a frantic scream. You realize you are still in one piece and that no beautiful women really want you, you are just the same loser you were the day before. Dreams such as this one I described above happen to millions of people all over the world every time they stop to take a little nap or when they are asleep at night. Why do we dream? What do they mean? Why do humans as well as animals have dreams that sometimes fit into our daily life and others seem to be way out of the ordinary and have no significance in our lives? Throughout history human beings have sought to understand the meaning of dreams. The ancient Egyptians believed dreams possessed oracular or all knowing power. In the Bible, for example, there are many instances where people have gained power or went on hunger strikes because of dreams. Other cultures have interpreted dreams as inspirational, healing, or an alternative to reality. Many Indian tribes believed that dreams were what were expected of the future. Dreams have been a part of life for hundreds and hundreds of years and many people have various feelings about what they mean and why we have them (Sleep Disorders). There was one man though, who has changed the world's point of view on dreams. His name... ...(rev. ed) New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966 Mahoney, Maria F. Meaning in Dreams and Dreaming Citadel Press: Copyright Maria F Mahoney, 1966 Machenzie, Norm Ian Dreams and Dreaming Aldus Books Limited, London, 1965 Gyn, Lynn The Dream Emporium. 2000. March 29, 2002 http://dreamemporium.com/ Green, Ariadne Ancient Symbols. 2000. March 29, 2002 http://psychology.about.com/library/weekly/aa111501j.htm?terms=Dream+symbols Tiger's Nest 2000. March 29, 2002 http://www.frii.com/~tigrnest/drmart.htm Dreams and Their Meanings Copyright 2001 by PageWise, Inc. http://mtmt.essortment.com/dreamsmeanings_rfee.htm "Sigmund Freud" Thinkquest Library Website April 22, 2002 http://library.thinkquest.org/17039/Normal/freud.html "The Dreaming Life" Sleep Disorders April 19, 2002 <http://sleepdisorders.about.com/library/weekly/aa021101a.htm?terms=Bible+and+dreams> Sigmund Freud as a Dream Analyst Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Sigmund Freud as a Dream Analyst You step out of your car onto this amazing white sand beach. You walk toward the water and notice all of these beautiful women coming toward you and saying your name. As you start to lay the charm down you notice that one of them is chewing on your leg. Then all of a sudden all of them are taking huge bites out of you and ripping you apart. You try to escape but you seem to be unable to do anything in your defense. AAAAHHHHHH!!!!!!!!!!!! All of a sudden you awake in a frantic scream. You realize you are still in one piece and that no beautiful women really want you, you are just the same loser you were the day before. Dreams such as this one I described above happen to millions of people all over the world every time they stop to take a little nap or when they are asleep at night. Why do we dream? What do they mean? Why do humans as well as animals have dreams that sometimes fit into our daily life and others seem to be way out of the ordinary and have no significance in our lives? Throughout history human beings have sought to understand the meaning of dreams. The ancient Egyptians believed dreams possessed oracular or all knowing power. In the Bible, for example, there are many instances where people have gained power or went on hunger strikes because of dreams. Other cultures have interpreted dreams as inspirational, healing, or an alternative to reality. Many Indian tribes believed that dreams were what were expected of the future. Dreams have been a part of life for hundreds and hundreds of years and many people have various feelings about what they mean and why we have them (Sleep Disorders). There was one man though, who has changed the world's point of view on dreams. His name... ...(rev. ed) New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966 Mahoney, Maria F. Meaning in Dreams and Dreaming Citadel Press: Copyright Maria F Mahoney, 1966 Machenzie, Norm Ian Dreams and Dreaming Aldus Books Limited, London, 1965 Gyn, Lynn The Dream Emporium. 2000. March 29, 2002 http://dreamemporium.com/ Green, Ariadne Ancient Symbols. 2000. March 29, 2002 http://psychology.about.com/library/weekly/aa111501j.htm?terms=Dream+symbols Tiger's Nest 2000. March 29, 2002 http://www.frii.com/~tigrnest/drmart.htm Dreams and Their Meanings Copyright 2001 by PageWise, Inc. http://mtmt.essortment.com/dreamsmeanings_rfee.htm "Sigmund Freud" Thinkquest Library Website April 22, 2002 http://library.thinkquest.org/17039/Normal/freud.html "The Dreaming Life" Sleep Disorders April 19, 2002 <http://sleepdisorders.about.com/library/weekly/aa021101a.htm?terms=Bible+and+dreams>

Work to Be Done.

Introduction: The poem ‘Dad’ explores the author, Elaine Feinstein’s life and the feelings surrounding the passing of her father. The poem was written a year and a half after her father’s death as she tried to come to terms with her feelings of grief and sadness towards losing a loved one. Elaine Feinstein reflects on the images she has of her father. The themes that evolve throughout the poem ‘Dad’ are those of grief for the father she has lost, love and great sorrow. â€Å"Every day I grieve†, demonstrates the degree of loss the author feels towards her father’s death.Fond memories of her father caring sacks of potatoes, fresh eggs and flowers show the great love she feels towards her father. She feels sorrow for all the childhood memories that she has lost. At the start of the poem the tone is one of fondness as the author describes the characteristics of her father such as his hat and his soft heavy hand. This gives the reader an idea that it was when she was a child and that her dad was that to protect and comfort her. In stanza two the tone and mood is one of great grief and sadness as the author remembers how her father became ill. you beached: cold, white-faced, shivering† Gives the impression that the man or her father was in hospital with some illness about to pass away. In stanza three the tone turns to one of disbelief as the author questions how her father became ill. Her loyal warrior became ill and attached to a hospital monitor. This enforce that the author never believed that becoming ill and end up in hospital was an option for him. In the last stanza the mood and tone becomes one of great sorrow and loss towards the childhood memories that she had of her father.Throughout this poem there are several different types of poetic devices used to enhance the images of this man’s past life. These include: personification, metaphors, similes and imagery. In the first stanza the only p oetic device was personification. This was evident in the very first sentence, â€Å"Your old hat hurts me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  For this sentence the hat is suggested to be hurting someone giving it a human characteristic meaning that the sentence contains personification. It portrays the image of a little child wearing a hat that falls over his eyes.The purpose of the imagery is to show where the poem starts off; when the author was a child describing what his earliest memories were like. In the second stanza the most significant poetic device was a metaphor. This could be found at the end of the stanza, â€Å"you beached: cold, white-faced, shivering. † This metaphor is comparing the man or dad to a beached whale suggesting he is sick or reached a difficult obstacle. The image put forward is of the father lying in a hospital bed with some illness.The author has gradually worked to this image, each sentence is about the author’s memories this is a recent memory, unlike the others which were from when the author was younger. In the third stanza an important sentence for imagery is, â€Å"What happened, old bull, my loyal hoarse-voiced warrior? † The image captured in this sentence is of someone questioning how this could have happened to such a determined and wilful man. This suggests that the now old man had such an effect on the narrator/author that they thought the old man could never be stopped but they were proved wrong.This adds to the mood of the poem as well. In the final stanza the most obvious poetic device was a simile. In the sentence, â€Å"the earth as chosen as a bed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is where the simile is. It is comparing the earth of a grave-pit to a bed or final resting place suggesting that someone may have passed away. The image received is of a funeral where they are at the point of lowering the coffin into the grave where he shall rest for eternity. It means that the once strong and determined ‘dad’ has given in. Conclusion:

Racism Similarities and Differences In Two Essays

In the two essays, â€Å"Just Walk on By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space† by Brent Staples and â€Å"I’m Not Racist But†¦Ã¢â‚¬  by Neil Bissoondath, there are both differences and similarities. The two authors differ in their opinion on the causes of racism and life experiences involving racism, but are similar in regards to the use of stereotypes in the world In Brent Staples’ opinion, causes of racism are derived from fear and the insufficient knowledge that a person might have about another that may cause them to be racist. In his piece, he writes, â€Å"Another time I was on assignment for a local paper and killing time before an interview. I entered a jewellery store on the city’s affluent Near North Side. The proprietor excused†¦show more content†¦In this case, the mover was prejudging all Chinese people to generalize that they cannot drive properly because of the shape of their eyes. The action of prejudgi ng someone based on their outer appearance is damaging and creates racism between different people, cultures and countries. In Brent Staples’ life, he has had many life experiences dealing with racism and has experienced racism first hand. Relaying these personal experiences is what he chose to write about in his essay. A life experience that Brent Staples shared is, â€Å"My first victim was a woman - white, well dressed, probably in her early twenties. I came upon her late one evening on a deserted street in Hyde Park, a relatively affluent neighbourhood in an otherwise mean, impoverished section of Chicago†¦. She cast back a worried glance. To her, the youngish black man – a broad six feet two inches with a beard and billowing hair, both hands shoved into he pockets of a bulky military jacket-seemed menacingly close. After a few more quick glimpses, she picked up her pace and was soon running in earnest. 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